The relationship between humans and non-human animals has long been a subject of ethical, legal, and scientific consideration. Two primary frameworks have emerged to address how we ought to treat animals: and animal rights . While often conflated in public discourse, they represent distinct philosophical positions with different goals, methods, and implications for human conduct. Understanding both is essential for informed debate on farming, research, conservation, and companionship.

There are also several arguments against animal rights:

While often used interchangeably, these represent two distinct philosophies: Animal Welfare: