Since Tinkercad is a simulation environment, the best way to visualize PID control is by stabilizing a system that tends to oscillate, such as a or a Motor with an Encoder .

// Read feedback position (0 to 1023 from "coupled" pot) input = analogRead(A1);

and a heating element (simulated with a resistor or LED). The PID loop manages the heat output to reach and hold a specific temperature. Servo Position Tuning servo motor

Corrects based on accumulated past errors to eliminate steady-state offset. Derivative (D):

unsigned long lastMillis = 0; const unsigned long sampleTime = 1000; // ms

This is where comes in. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) is the mathematical backbone of modern automation, found in cruise control, drone stabilization, and industrial ovens.