Veterinarians are the only professionals who can prescribe psychoactive medications. Common drugs:
Conversely, medical pain frequently manifests as behavior problems: aggression, hiding, reduced play, or house-soiling.
: Utilizing blood work, imaging (X-rays, ultrasounds), and physical exams to identify health issues.
The reconciliation began in the 1990s with the rise of neuroethology and psychopharmacology. Researchers discovered that anxiety, fear, and chronic stress have measurable physiological consequences. Cortisol levels, heart rate variability, and immune function are directly tied to emotional states. Veterinary science finally caught up to human medicine in acknowledging the model—that mental and physical health are inseparable.